1. Apostrophe use: some simple guidelines.

• Apostrophes do not mark plural. Do not use them to mean more than one of anything.

• Ex: cars NOT car’s; CDs & DVDs NOT CD’s & DVD’s.

• Apostrophes are not used to mark possessives in pronouns.

• Ex: “Poor dog, its tongue was hanging out.” vs. “It’s time to leave.”; “Whose book is this?” vs. “Who’s going to the show?”

• Apostrophes are used to mark possessive on nouns.

• Ex: “Yes, I have Mary’s phone.” or “The car’s tires need to be rotated.”

• Apostrophes are used to contract the verb “BE” as IS.

• Ex: it’s = it is; who’s = who is

2. Who vs. Whom: when and why.

• The –m in WHOM is a leftover from the regular use of the dative case in the past. Same roots as the –m in HIM. This means very little to most. Just remember that

• WHOM is only used after prepositions:

• Ex: To WHOM it may concern; For WHOM the bell tolls.

• In every other situation, WHO is the correct choice.

3. Irregardless is not a word. It’s a redundant construction. Don’t use it

4. Relevancy is not a word. It’s a redundant construction. Don’t use it.

5. For any questions on spelling, I recommend Dictionary.com. Use it. I do.